x and y are the numbers of individuals, respectively of prey and predator populations or suitable (but equivalent) measures of density or biomass. The parameters present in system (1) are the intrinsic growth rate r, the carrying capacity K, the effi ciency e and the death rate d of the predator. The function p(x, t) is a functional response, for which the Holling type II is chosen, with constant attack rate a and half saturation b(t) that varies periodically with period one (year), i.e.

Codimension 2 bifurcations of periodic orbits in MatCont.pdf

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