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Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical analysis of data in an effective method to data from high dimensional data space transformation to the low-dimensional feature space, which can be used for data feature extraction and compression and so on. In this paper, the shape recognition system using PCA extraction of the shape of image features, can be used to satisfy the identification requirements of the input layer. In the recognition layer studied three kinds of identification methods: nearest neighbor rule, BP network and the synergetic neural network methods, have achieved a satisfactory experiment results.