Introduction - If you have any usage issues, please Google them yourself
This paper, which addresses the important issue of estimating
the instantaneous frequency (IF) of a signal, is a sequel to the
paper which appears in this issue, and dealt with the concepts
relating to the IF. In this paper the concept of IF is extended to
be able to cope with discrete time signals. The specific problem explored is that of estimating the IF of frequency modulated
(FM) discrete-time signals imbedded in Gaussian noise. There are many well established methods for estimating the IF-these methods include differentiation of the phase and smoothing thereof adaptive frequency estimation techniques such as the phase locked loop (PLL), and extraction of the peak from time-varying spectral
representations. More recently methods based on a modeling of the signal phase as a polynomial have been introduced. All of these methods are reviewed, and their performances are compared on both simulated and real data. Guidelines are
given as to which estimationmethodshould be used for
Estimating_and_interpreting_the_instantaneous_frequency_of_a_signal_II_Algorithms_and_applications.pdf