Description: Abstract. We present a method that performs the rigid 2D/3D image registration
efficiently on the GPU. As one main contribution of this paper, we propose an
efficient method for generating realistic DRRs that are visually similar to X-ray
images. Therefore, we model some of the electronic post-processes of current X-
ray C-arm-systems. As another main contribution, the GPU is used to compute
eight intensity-based similarity measures between the DRR and the X-ray image
in parallel. A combination of these eight similarity measures is used as a new
similarity measure for the optimization. We evaluated the performance and the
precision of our 2D/3D image registration algorithm using two phantom models.
Compared to a CPU+GPU algorithm, which calculates the similarity measures
on the CPU, our GPU algorithm is between three and six times faster. In contrast
to single similarity measures, our new similarity measure achieved precise and
robust registration results for both phantom m
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